The dulcian, developed in Europe in the middle of the 16th century, had its golden age in the early 17th century Baroque era, and was the predecessor of the bassoon which disappeared from center stage with the advent of the Baroque bassoon after the 18th century. This project traces the history and repertoire of this period musical instrument – which in Japan has few players is very little known – from before its inception, and featured Japan’s first solo concert of the dulcian performed by professional players. The concert itself was presented as entertainment and at the same time as a musical resource, widely communicating to the world the project’s research results, and the repertoire and appeal of the dulcian.